CXC CSEC Social Studies exam guide - Section B2: Regional Integration



CXC CSEC exam guide: Social Studies: Section B: Regional Integration



CXC CSEC Social Studies Exam Guide

Section B: Sustainable Development and Use of Resources

(2) Regional Integration

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

The students should be able to:

CONTENT
UNIFYING CONCEPTS
1.

Explain and use correctly concepts and terms associated with regional integration.

Explanation of the following terms and concepts related to regional integration:

(a) Bilateral agreement

(b) multi-lateral agreement,

(c) common market,

(d) single market

(e) single economy

(f) economic integration

(g) independent state,

(h) underdeveloped country

(i) developing country

(j) developed country

(k) trade liberalization

(l) globalization,

(m) multi-national cooperation

(n) regionalism

(o) trading bloc,

(p) fiscal policy

(q) monetary policy

2. Describe the major challenges facing the Caribbean region;

Major challenges:

(a) small size, small national markets;

(b) lack of diversification

(c) unemployment and underemployment

(d) low levels of production and productivity

(e) differences in resource distributions;

(f) high levels of indebtedness (debt burden);

(g) high level and cost of imports;

(h) shortage of skilled workers;

(i) inadequate technology;

(j) low value of exports

(k) difficulties in accessing markets of developed countries;

(l) shortage of capital;

(m) vulnerability to natural disasters

3. Outline the major stages in the integration movement;

a. Stages:

(i) West Indian Federation

(ii) Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA)

(iii) Caribbean Community (CARICOM)

(iv) Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)

(v) Association of Caribbean States (ACS)

(vi) CARICOM Single market and economy (CSME)

(b) Membership

(i) West Indian Federation

(ii) CARIFTA

(iii) CARICOM

(iv) OECS

(v) ACS

(vi) CSME

4.

State the functions of:

(a) OECS Secretariat

(b) CARICOM Secretariat

(3) Conference of Heads of Government

a. Functions of OECS and CARICOM secretariats,

b. Functions of Conference of Heads of Government.

5. Outline the objectives of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), CARICOM, CARICOM sINGLE Market and Economy (CSME);

Objectives of:

a. OECS and CARICOM

(i) functional cooperation

(ii) integration of the economies of member states;

(iii) harmonization of foreign policy;

b. The CARICOM Single market

(i) free movement of goods and services;

right of establishment;

(ii) free movement of capital;

(iii) free movement of skilled labour.

c. CARICOM Single economy

Harmonization of:

(i) Fiscal (tax) policies

(ii) Monetary policies (including a single CARICOM currency)

(iii) External trade policy

(iv) Legislation (custom, companies)

(v) sectoral policies in agriculture, manufacturing, fisheries.

d. The Regional Development Fund

6. Outline the factors that promote regional integration;

Factors that promote regional integration:

(a) Common cultural heritage;

(b) common economic and social issues;

(c) effects of globalization trade liberalization and trading blocs;

(d) vulnerability to economic shocks and natural disasters.

7.

Describe the factors that hinder regional integration;

Factors that hinder regional integration:

(a) geography of the region

(b) absence of a common model or strategy for development;

(c) differences in stages of growth and development;

(d) competition for location of industries;

(e) conflict between territorial and regional demands;

(f) absence of a common currency;

(g) unequal distribution of resources;

(h) lack of diversification in production

(i) influence of multinational corporations.

8.

Analyze the benefits of regional integration;

Benefits of regional integration:

(a) reduction in unemployment and underemployment

(b) better response to economic implications of globalization and trade liberalization;

(c) improvement in the quality of life;

(d) reduction in the inequality of wealth distribution;

(e) free movement of goods. labour and capital;

(f) increased market size;

(g) improved levels of international competitiveness;

(h) expansion of trade;

(i) increased co-operation among member states.

9. Examine the role of individual citizens, business organizations and government in the integration process;

a. Role of citizens:

(i) entrepreneurship;

(ii) supporting regional producers;

(iii) showing solidarity and mutual support towards regional fellow citizens;

(iv) investing in local and regional businesses;

(v)being informed.

b. Role of business organizations

(i) improving competitiveness;

(ii) increasing range and quality of goods and services;

(iii) providing opportunities for investment and employment.

c. Role of government

(i) enacting enabling legislation

(ii) harmonizing policies

(iii) honouring protocols;

(iv) educating citizens about the objectives and benefits of integration.

10. Explain the role of regional agencies in the integration process;

Areas of regional cooperation:

a. The Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI) (Agriculture);

b. West Indies Cricket Board (WICB), Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association of Football (CONCACAF);

c. OECS sports desk (Sports);

d. Caribbean Environmental and Health Institute (CEHI), Caribbean Epidemiology Centre (CAREC) (health)

e. Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency (CEDERA)(emergency response)

f. Caribbean Media Company (CMC) (media)

g. University of the West Indies (UWI), Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC) (education)

h. Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ)

i. Regional Security Service (RSS) (security)

Section C: Options


Fivestar

Guest (not verified) 24 May 2012 - 7:17pm

I FEELING A ONE :) THANK YOU SO MUCH. THIS WAS VERY HELPFUL

shaneka (not verified) 10 April 2013 - 12:57am

This seems like so much to learn and the exam is just a few weeks away ! any tips?

guest (not verified) 22 April 2013 - 11:23am

OMG regional integration is like the hardest for me maybe because I'm in 9th grade

guest (not verified) 2 May 2013 - 9:17pm

OMG THE EXAM IS FEW WEEKS AWAY>>>>>>>>>>>>>HOPING FOR A 1 AND NTG LESS

guest (not verified) 30 May 2013 - 7:15pm

Thanks for the info. But omg! the terms seems
so hard to study, But by faith I hope to pass with
with nothing lessthan a two.

guest (not verified) 16 November 2013 - 10:38am

so helpful

guest (not verified) 2 April 2014 - 12:58am

i didn't get any help...I need the explanation of difference in resource distribution

guest (not verified) 30 April 2014 - 7:08pm

THIS IS VERY GOOD INFO FOR THE UPCOMING EXAMS. SURE WILL HELP ME A GREAT LOT IN MY PREPARATIONS WHILE AWAITING THE EXAMS. THNX ALOT GUYS FOR PROVIDING THIS INFO. I THINK THAT ALL EXAM STUDENTS SHOULD VIEW THIS WEBSITE FOR THE VARIOUS SUBJECT AREAS SO AS TO HAVE AN IDEA OF THE PAPER WILL BE STRUCTURED AND TO BE FULLY PREPARED FOR THEIR EXAMINATIONS.

Visha (not verified) 6 April 2018 - 4:45pm

This so helpful I've got a few weeks for exam I hope dey don't change anything for 2018 urghh!!!!

priscilla thomas (not verified) 16 May 2018 - 8:42pm

was very informative and helpful. im feeling that one:0

Kristian (not verified) 17 March 2019 - 4:21pm

Two similarities that promote cooperation among the member countries of the OECS

dakes (not verified) 8 May 2019 - 3:16pm

I found this guide a day before the exam...

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