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Specific Objectives
Students should be able to:
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Explanatory notes
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1
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Describe the characteristics of living organisms;
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Nutrition, respiration, excretion, growth, irritability, movement, reproduction
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2
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Compare the structures of an unspecialized plant and animal cell and selected microbes;
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Basic structure of unspecialized plant cell, animal cell and microbes.
(a) Labeled diagrams of plant and animal cell.
(b) Microbes include:
(i) virus;
(ii) bacteria;
(iii) fungi.
(Link to Specific Objective D7)
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3
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State the functions of all cell structures; |
Cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, ribosomes, cytoplasm, mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum.
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4
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Identify selected cells which make up the human body; |
Diagrams and features required:
- Epithelial cells;
- Sperm cells;
- Egg cells;
- Nerve cells;
- Muscle cells.
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| 5. |
Explain the importance of cell specialization in human; |
(a) Cell differentiation.
(b) Relation to cells to the organism as a whole. |
| 6. |
Distinguish between osmosis and diffusion; * |
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| 7. |
Explain the importance of osmosis, diffusion and active transport in living systems;
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Movement of substances across the cells.
- Osmosis as a special type of diffusion.
- Cell membrane as a partially permeable membrane.
- Movement of water from cell to cell.
- Examples of osmosis occurring in plants and animals.
- Diffusion of gases in and out of a living cell.
- Experimental activity to demonstrate osmosis and diffusion in living cells.
- Active transport – movement of ions against a concentration gradient using energy.
(Link to Specific Objectives B 1.24, B1.26) |
| 8. |
Explain the process of photosynthesis |
(a) Definition of photosynthesis.
(b) Simple treatment involving word equation to summarize the process.
(c) Site of photosynthesis (chloroplast).
(d) Fate of products of photosynthesis. |
| 9. |
Investigate the effect of light and chlorophyll on the production of starch* |
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| 10. |
Explain the ways in which other living organisms depend on plants directly or indirectly for food; |
(a) Plants as producers.
(b) Human beings dependence on plants directly or indirectly for food. |
| 11. |
Explain the principles of a food chain; |
Definition of a food chain and trophic level;
names of organisms feeding at each tropic level (omnivore, carnivore, herbivore, producer, primary and secondary consumers);
reduction of available energy at each trophic level;
utilization of energy at each trophic level.
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| 12. |
Construct a food chain from a selected habitat; |
Terrestrial and aquatic (marine and fresh water) habitats. |
| 13. |
Identify the trophic level of organisms in the food chain; |
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| 14. |
Describe the recycling of carbon and nitrogen in nature. |
The importance of recycling nitrogen and carbon in nature,
Nitrogen cycle, the up-take of nitrates by green plants and the formation of plant proteins;
inability of plants to use nitrogen in its unreactive forms;
the role of plants, animals and micro-organisms in the nitrogen cycle;
the role of legumes; the role of herbivores; the role of bacteria and fungi as decomposers.
Carbon cycle: the importance of CO₂ in photosynthesis;
examples of carbon compounds that release carbon when burnt;
the release of carbon dioxide during combustion, respiration and decomposition.
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HSB
Is this all the sections on the syllabus?