| UNIT 6: Coordination and Control |
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Specific Objectives
Students should be able to:
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Explanatory notes
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1
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decribe the main divisions of the nervous system;
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(a) Central nervous system - the brain; spinal cord.
(b) peripheral nervous system: spinal nerves and cranial nerves, and autonomic nervous system.
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2
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describe the functions of the parts of the brain;
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Cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus, pitituary glands.
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3
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distinguish between a neurone and a nerve; |
(a) Diagram of neurones required.
(b) Definitions
(c) Properties of neurones; irritability; conductivity; structures of neurones, cell-bodies, axons and dendrites.
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4
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explain the functions of motor and sensory neurones and spinal synapses; |
(a) Functions and types of nerves: motor, sensory, mixed.
(b) Synapse and chemical transmitters.
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| 5. |
describe the mechanisms of a reflex action; |
Definition;
structure of the spinal cord (diagram required);
the spinal reflex action (for example, knee jerk reflex);
cranial reflex action (for example, pupil reflex);
reaction to painful stimuli;
demonstration of knee jerk reflex.
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| 6. |
explain the process by which voluntary actions occur; |
Definition; transmission of nerve impulses;involvement of neurones in the brain, spinal cord and effector muscles.
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| 7. |
distinguish between a voluntary and involuntary action;
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| 8. |
explain the response of the sense organs to stimuli; |
Names of the sense organs; stimuli to which they respond.
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| 9. |
relate the internal structures of the eye to their functions; |
Diagram of eye (internal view) required.
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| 10. |
explain how images are formed in the eye; |
Diagrams required.
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| 11. |
explain accommodation in the eye; |
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| 12. |
describe the causes of, and corrective measures for eye defects; |
Long and short-sightedness (diagrams required)
astigmatism, include the diseases glaucoma and cataracts.
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| 13. |
distinguish between endocrine (hormonal) and nervous control systems; |
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| 14. |
identifY the sites of hormone production; |
Diagram required. |
| 15. |
explain the roles of selected hormones in the human body; |
Pitituary - anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH),
growth hormones;
Thyroid - thyroxine;
Pancreas - insulin, glucagon;
Adrenals - adrenaline;
Ovary - Oestrogen, progresterone;
Testes - testosterone.
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